Siamak Jowadi, an instructor and researcher in financial economics, told Iran International that the intensification of the implementation of secondary sanctions by the United States makes banks and financial institutions around the world more risk-averse about cooperating with the Islamic Republic.

According to him, even if these banks are not directly targeted by sanctions, they will calculate the cost and risk of doing business with Iran and, as a result, the Islamic Republic’s financial routes will be more limited and circumventing sanctions will become more costly.