European Union foreign ministers are meeting in Brussels to discuss proposals for a new joint defence pact, as alliance leaders prepare for a NATO summit shaped by debate over spending and security commitments.

The talks come at a sensitive moment for transatlantic relations, with European governments under pressure to show they can shoulder more responsibility for the continent’s defense while still relying on NATO’s wider military umbrella.

Diplomats say the discussion is expected to focus on how far the EU can deepen cooperation on military procurement, readiness and coordination without duplicating NATO structures. The issue has gained urgency as European states face sustained concern over Russia’s war in Ukraine and broader questions about long-term deterrence.

The Brussels meeting is also likely to reflect differing views among member states on how much autonomy the EU should pursue in security policy. Any agreement would mark another step in Europe’s effort to strengthen its defense posture while keeping the United States engaged in regional security.