The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted full approval to lecanemab, a treatment for early Alzheimer’s disease, marking the first new drug of its kind in nearly two decades. The decision gives the antibody therapy a broader path to market after studies showed it can modestly slow cognitive decline in some patients.

Lecanemab is designed to target amyloid plaques in the brain, which are linked to the progression of Alzheimer’s. While the drug is not a cure and does not stop the disease, supporters say the approval offers a meaningful new option for patients and families facing a condition with limited treatment choices.

The agency’s move follows years of debate over whether the benefits of amyloid-targeting drugs justify the risks, cost, and uncertainty around how much they help in real-world use. Full approval may also influence insurance coverage and expand access for patients with early-stage disease who meet eligibility criteria.

Alzheimer’s affects millions of people in the United States and remains one of the most challenging neurodegenerative illnesses to treat. The approval of lecanemab is likely to intensify discussion among doctors, caregivers, and policymakers about the future of dementia care and the standards used to judge new therapies.