NATO leaders have agreed to raise defence spending expectations for European allies to 3.5% of GDP, marking a significant shift in the alliance’s security posture as Russia’s war and broader regional instability continue to drive concern.

The move reflects pressure on European governments to strengthen military readiness after years of debate over burden-sharing and limited investment. Supporters of the plan argue that the increase is necessary to deter aggression and improve the alliance’s ability to respond to emerging threats.

The decision also highlights how Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has reshaped defence priorities across Europe, pushing governments to reconsider procurement, troop readiness, and long-term security planning. For many member states, the new target will mean difficult budget choices in the years ahead.

The agreement underscores a broader shift inside NATO toward higher defence commitments as allies seek to project unity and reduce vulnerabilities in an increasingly unstable security environment.